Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have shaped American history, producing generations of leaders in medicine, law, science, education, business, the arts and public service. Today, roughly 100 HBCUs across the country welcome students of all backgrounds. This guide explains what HBCUs are, the benefits they offer, and how to find the right one for you.
What is an HBCU?
Under the Higher Education Act of 1965, an HBCU is an accredited institution established before 1964 whose principal mission was, and is, the education of Black Americans. Most HBCUs were founded after the Civil War, at a time when Black students were excluded from most American colleges. They are concentrated in the Southern and Mid-Atlantic states, but also exist in other regions.
HBCUs include public and private institutions, large universities and small colleges, two-year and four-year schools, and both co-educational and single-gender colleges. Some are research universities with graduate and professional schools in medicine, law, engineering and more.
Why students choose HBCUs
- Culture and community: HBCUs offer environments where Black history, culture and achievement are celebrated, and where many students feel a strong sense of belonging.
- Supportive faculty: many students describe close mentorship from professors and staff who are invested in their success.
- Strong outcomes: HBCUs have historically produced a large share of Black professionals in fields such as medicine, law, engineering, and STEM doctoral programs relative to their size.
- Affordability: many HBCUs, especially public ones, have lower tuition than comparable institutions.
- Powerful networks: alumni networks, Greek organizations and campus traditions create lifelong connections.
- Rich campus life: homecoming, marching bands, step shows and student organizations are central traditions.
Are HBCUs open to all students?
Yes. HBCUs admit students of every race and background, and many have diverse student bodies. Students from all backgrounds choose HBCUs for their academic programs, affordability, supportive environment and community.
Paying for an HBCU
As with any college, start with the FAFSA. Then explore scholarship sources focused on HBCU students:
- UNCF (United Negro College Fund), which supports students at its member private HBCUs and beyond through many scholarship programs.
- Thurgood Marshall College Fund, which supports students at public HBCUs and predominantly Black institutions.
- Institutional scholarships offered directly by each HBCU.
- Corporate partnerships and internship programs that recruit HBCU students.
Our scholarship strategy guide can help you build a plan.
Applying to HBCUs
Many HBCUs accept applications through their own websites, and several also accept the Common App. In addition, the Common Black College Application lets students apply to many participating HBCUs at once with a single application and fee. Check each school's preferred method and deadlines, along with their testing policies and scholarship deadlines.
How to choose the right HBCU
Evaluate HBCUs the same way you'd evaluate any college:
- Programs: Does it offer strong programs in your intended major?
- Size and setting: Do you prefer a large university or a small college? A city or a smaller town?
- Cost and aid: Run the net price calculator and compare offers.
- Outcomes: Look at graduation rates, retention and graduate earnings on the College Scorecard.
- Support: Ask about advising, tutoring, internships and career services.
- Culture: Visit if you can. Homecoming and admitted-student events are great opportunities to feel the community.
Other minority-serving institutions
Beyond HBCUs, the U.S. has other minority-serving institutions, including Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs), Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs), and Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs). Each offers communities and support designed around their students.
The bottom line
HBCUs offer academic excellence, affordability and a powerful sense of community. Whether or not you ultimately enroll at one, they deserve a close look as you build your college list. For a complete approach, read how to choose the right U.S. university.
